What Are the Three Key Features Used to Read Chromosomes
Background Data
Scientists have developed several dissimilar tools and techniques for studying chromosomes, genes and base of operations pairs in humans and other organisms. One of the virtually useful techniques is karyotyping. A karyotypeast is a photograph of all of an organism's chromosomes. The chromosomes in the karyotype are arranged in homologous pairs co-ordinate to size (largest to smallest). Homologous pairs can be adamant by centromere placement, equal length of top and lesser artillery likewise as similar band placement on each arm. Karyotyping helps doctors diagnose and care for genetic disorders. Doctors use a normal homo karyotype and compare it to the karyotype of a patient to determine if at that place are abnormalities. Doctors use
Amniocentesis
- a process in which the amniotic fluid surrounding the embryo is removed for assay. Some of the characteristics the doc will compare are: A. Total number of chromosomes - normal humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), so if the number is higher or lower then an aberration exists B. Homologous pairs for the beginning 22 pairs of chromosomes (autosomes) - one time centromeres are aligned, acme and bottom artillery are of equal length and if not then an abnormality exists C. Sexual practice Chromosomes (23rd pair) - if female person, then ii homologous X chromosomes (Xx) volition be present and if male, an Ten chromosome and a Y chromosome (XY) will be present, then if there are additional or fewer sexual activity chromosomes then an abnormality exists.
Warm Up - complete equally a class.
one.What is a maryotype? 2.How are karyotypesouth organized? 3.What kinds of mutations can we loog at easily in a karyotype? 4.How do we know the sex activity from a karyoblazon? 5.What is the sex of the individual in the above thouaryotype? Practice they have a normal karyotype?
Karyotyping Activity
In this activity, yous will use a computer model to look at chromosomes and prepare a karyotype. You will diagnose patients for abnormalities and learn the correct notation for characterizing karyotypes. You lot do not need to answer the questions the site asks, only the questions below. Be sure to read all the provided information in order to reply the questions.
Site 1:
1. What causes a dark band on the chromosome? _____________________________________ 2. What is a centromere? _______________________________________________________ Patient Histories: *Click on Patient Histories. Yous will be completing a karyotype for Patient A, B & C
Patient A (click on the link to "complete patient A'due south karyotype)
*Match the chromosome to its homolog. After all the matches are complete you'll analyze your patient. (Scroll down to view your completed karyotype). iii. What is patient A's history (summarize) ______________________________________________ four. How many total chromosomes are in your karyotype - count them _________ The terminal prepare of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes, if you have 2 large chromosomes, your patient is Twenty (female), one large and i small indicates and XY (male person) . What sexual activity chromosomes does your patient have ________ Which chromosome set has an extra + _______ five. What diagnosis would you lot give this patient (what disease)? ______________
Patient B (click on the link to "complete patient B'due south karyotype)
6. What is Patient B'south history (summarize) _______________________________________________ vii. How many full chromosomes are in your karyotype - count them _________ What sexual activity chromosomes does your patient take ________ Which chromosome fix has an extra + _______ 8. Terminate the notation for this patient's karyotype : 47 X _____ ix. What is the diagnosis? __________________________________
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/455103585/karyotype-activity-update